Combustion-engine.



C. I. LONGENECKER.

COMBUSHON ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, 1918.

1,285,265. Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l. ,7 7,

WITNESS: INVENTOR @ifi j/k/l/if/f ATTORNEY C. I. LONGENECKER.

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.8.191B.

1 285,265' Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

////- 57 #3 ,75 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESS INVENTUR ATTORNEY C. I. LONGENECKER.

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, i918.

1 ,285,265. Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

I 5 SHEETSSHEET 4. f

WITNESS; WES/10R I W p 7 60/20 //7///// Of BY ATTHRNEY C. l. LONGENECKER.

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APILB, 191a.

1,285, 65w Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- ATTOR N EY D STATES P59:

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CHARLES I. LONG-ENECKER, 0F MILWAUKEE,-WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR'TO C. H. & E. MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

COMBUSTION-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1918.

Application filed April 8, 1918. Serial No. 227,356.

In practically all internal combustion engines which operate on a heavy or low grade of fuel, water or its vapor is .added to the fuel in the mixing chamber before the combustible mixture is passed to the engine cylinder, this being done to dampen the mixture and prevent pre-ignition. It is one object of this invention to provide an improved means for supplying water in varying amounts, the quantity depending'on the speed of the engine and ranging from zero for all light running to a considerable degree at maximum operation. In this connection a water reservoir of improved de sign is employed which is so connected to the cooling jacket of the engine cylinder that the water circulates through both.

An additional object is to provide an improved constant level fuel reservoir in which two grades of fuel ma be stored, one grade being adapted for initial operation of the engine while the second grade is used for general operation after the same has been started. The inlet between the fuel reservoir and the mixing chamber is such that the latter may be selectively connected with either of the compartments of the reservoir containing the different grades of fuel, and also said inlet is so positioned with respect to the constant fuel level that leakage is obviated.

A further object is to provide an air intake of improved construction whereby a supply of filtered air may be readily drawn into the mixing chamber by the suction of the movingpiston in the engine cylinder, a filtering breather of somewhat similar construction being employed on the crank case to relieve compression and vacuum therein.

A still further object is to effectively combine all of the foregoing features so that an engine of simple and effective formation will result and one in which a minimum quantity of fuel may be used to procure maximum power.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter more particularly described and claimed and shown in the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents a side elevational view, partly in section, of an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view also partly in section of the mechanism depicted in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the upper portion of the englne cylinder and associated parts.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on the plane of the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a similar view on the plane of the line 55 of the same figure showing more particularly the construction of the upper end of the engine cylinder.

Fig. 6 is a detail vertical sectional View taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the two compartment fuel reservoir removed from the parts to which it is usually connected.

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of the constant level water reservoir and a fragment of the water jacket of the engine cylinder.

Fig. 9 is an elevational view, partly in section, of the water reservoir.

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view of the fuel pump and the adjacent portion of the base of the engine, oil being forced from the latter to the fuel reservoir thereby, and

Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail sectional view through the crank case breather.

In the accompanying drawings for convenience in illustration a single cylinder engine equipped with my improvements is shown, it being understood, however, that I the latter are capable of use on multi-cylinder engines as well.

The engine includes a cylinder 1, the major portion of which is surrounded by a water jacket 2, a crank case 3, and a crank shaft 4 having fiy wheels 5 disposed on its opposite ends, all of which parts are supported on a suitable hollow base 6 in which fluid fuel oil in its cylinderl is led thereinto through a passage-way l2 the headoi the same as most particularly disclosed 1n 3 The passage-way 12 is in communication with the lower end or a vertical mixing chamber 13 the same being preferably bolted as at i l to the head of the cylinder 1 and is cylindrically elongated it being substantially the same diameter throughout its length except at its extreme. upper end where it is contracted as at 15 to provide a venturi.

Surrounding this upper end of he mixing chamber 13 and preferably formed integrally therewith is a two compartment fuel reservoir 16, the same being; divided by partition walls 17 and 1'8. The partition wall 18 is relatively thick and is termed with a horizontal cylindrical bore 19 which extends through the outer wall of the reservoir as well as the inner wall and into the mixing chamber at the venturi l5. Tn this connection it will be noted that said inner wall of the reservoir is the wall of the mixing chamber 13. The partition 18 in addition has a pair of spaced vertically positioned ducts 20 and 21 which have their upper ends in communication with the bore 19, while their lower ends communicate respectively with the several compartments of the reservoir.

Disposed for rotative movement in the bore 19 is a cylindrical hollow nozzle 22, the inner end of which extends into the mixing chamber as best shown in Fig. 3. The wall ofthe nozzle intermediate its ends is provided with a pair of openings 23 and 2%, the same preferably being positioned approximately 180 apart. A handle 25 pro3ects laterally from the outer end of the nozzle 22 for convenience in rotating the same to selectively dispose the openings 23 and in alinement with the ducts 20 and 21 respectively to thus permit communication between either compartment of the reservoir and the mixing chamber 13.

A bracket 26 secured to the outer wall of the reservoir 16 is adapted to receive the stem 27 of a control valve by which the opening of the nozzle 22 is regulated, said stem being threadedly positioned in said nozzle. The bracket is also adapted to provide a stop for one end of an expansile spring 28 which bears against the outer end of the nozzle 22 for the purpose of retaining the same in the bore 19 One of the com artments oi the fuel reservoir 16 is preferably larger than the other for the reception of a quantity of gasolene or other highly volatile fuel for initial operation or the engine, access to this compartment being" gained through an opening normally closed by a screw plug :29. The other compartment is always kept filled to a constant level with a heavier or lower grade of fuel oil which is used "for operating the engine after the same has once been started. This heavier fuel oil is pumped from the base 6 of the engine in which it is stored to the fuel reservoir. (The heavy broken lines in Figs. 1 and 2 indicate the direction of flow of this heavy fuel oil.)

The pump for causing this circulation is indicated at 30 as best shown in lg. 10. The plunger rod 31 of the pump is prei'eraloly reciprocated by the action of an eccentric 32 on the cam shaft ll.

At times the pump may supply a larger quantity or" fuel oil to the reservoir than can be consumed, therefore the propercompartment of the latter is provided with an outlet 33 in its bottom whereby the surplus may flow back into the base 6 of the engine as indicated by the heavy dot and dash lines in Fig. '1. However, in order to retain the fuel in this compartment at a constant level the outlet 33 is surrounded by an overflow wall To obviate any possibility of leakage of the fuel oil into the mixing chamber, the plane of the top of the overflow wall 8% is below the plane of the bottom of the bore 19 as indicated in Fig. 6; thus it is necessary that the fuel oil be sucked from the nozzle 22 by the action of the piston.

Referring again to the upper end of the mixing chamber 13 it will be seen that an air inlet 35 is secured thereto, said inlet having a centrally apertured partition; wall 36 intermediate its ends the same being adapt ed to form a valve seat for the valveof a compensating valve 37. The same is designed to close outwardly against the inher suriace of the valve seat whereby to permit the same to be readily opened and closed varying amounts corresponding with the suction of the engine piston. The wall 36 also is provided with an opening 38 which is not closed by the valve 37, the same thus permitting a predetermined quantity or air to leak into the mixing chamber under all circumstances.

Tt is essential that pure air free of all extraneous matters be taken into the mixing chamber, therefore T provide a filtering device which consists of a preferably cylindrical casing 39 open at one end and closed at the other. The open end at the casing 39 is covered with a reticulated plate 40 and spaced inwardly therefrom is a second reticulated plate ll between which a suitable filtering medium as is packed. The space Bil llll) between the closed end of the casing 39 and the inner plate 41 is in communication with the air inlet 35 to the outer side of the compensating valve 37.

After the engine'has started and is operating on the heavy or low grade fuel 011, water or its vapor is fed into the mixing chamber as hereinbefore menltioned. For this purpose a water supply nozzle 43 is extended into the air inlet through one wall thereof and positioned outwardly of the compensating valve 37. Inasmuch as the partition wall- 36 is disposed horizontally, the water supply nozzle 43 is positioned directly above the opening 38 in said wall whereby liquid may drop past the latter without striking the same. The nozzle may be of any preferred construction and is controlled by a conventional valve 44.

For the same reason that the fuel nozzle 22 is spaced above the constant level of the oil or fuel supply, the nozzle 43 is above the level of the water in the reservoir 45, communication between the latter and said n,ozzle 43 being procured through an inclined pipe 46. The water reservoir 45,is in the form of a substantially rectangular casing having an enlarged filling opening 47 in its top and an outlet 48 in one side wall adjacent its inclined bottom 49. The outlet 48 is adapted to communicate with an opening 50 in the wall of the water jacket 2. From the top of the water jacket extends a discharge pipe 51 the upper end of which projects laterally and over the opening 47 in the reservoir 45.

When the water flows from the discharge pipe 51 into the reservoir 45 a portion of the same drops into a pocket 52 in the upper portion thereof, which pocket is constructed'of a horizontal wall 53 and a vertical wall 54. The first mentionled wall extends approximately half the width of the reservoir 45 and has its outer edges formed integrally with the side walls of the reservoir, its inner edge being connected with the vertical wall 54. The intermediate portion of the vertical wall has a notch 55, the distance between the bottom of the same and the horizontal Wall 53 determining the height of the water in the pocket. A constant level of water is thereby obtained, such level being always below the plane of the water supply nozzle 43. From Fig. 8 it will be seen that the inclined pipe 46 which connects such nozzle with the reservoir 45 opens into the pocket 52. Also in this figure is illustrated a vent 56 in the horizontal Wall 53 whereby upon the cessationl of the operation of the engine and the consequent stoppage in the circulation of the water, the supply of water in the nozzle 43 and in the pipe 46 as well as that in the pocket may drain therefrom and thus prevent freezing.

rod extends downwardly to a point adjacent The amount of combustible mixture con- I engine cylinder is also automatically regulated by a butterfly valve 57 disposed in'the lower end of said chamber. The stem of this valve projects outwardly of the mixing chamberand has a crank 58 fixed thereto to whlch is pivoted an operating rod 59. This the base of the engine where it is connected by any preferred mechanical movement with a governor 60 on one of the fly-wheels 5.

The lower portion of the crank case 3 adacent its connection with the base 6 is provided with a breather 61, the same consisting of a cylindrical casing 62 open at its top and closed at its bottom and provided with a circular hole in its side wall, said hole be ing surrounded by a coupling flange 63. The inner surface of the wall of the casing between said hole and its open end has an inwardly extending flange 64 on which is seat ed a reticulated screen 65, the same being adapted to cotiperate with a similar screen 66 which closes the open end'of the casing. Between the two screens is placed a suitable filtering material whereby air drawn into the casing will be freed of any direct or other foreign matter. Theopen end of the casing is protected by a cover plate 67 the same having its annular portion laterally directed to parallel the wall of said casing; the cover plate is spaced from the casing as Wlll be most clearly seen in Fig. 11.

The following is the substantial operation of my invention :-The gasolene compartment of the fuel reservoir 16 is filled with fuel for initial operation of the engine and the hollow base 6 is provided with a necessary supply of heavier or lower grade fuel oil for operation of the en ine after the same has once been started; t e water reservoir 45 is filled through the opening 47 with water until the level of the same is approxi 110 mately at the bottom of the pocket 52 or higher, some water being necessarily trapped in the latter. The engine is now ready to be started by any suitable cranking means, the butterfly valve at this time being completely 115 open, while the compensating valve is fully closed.

Inasmuch as there is a considerable suction within the mixing chamber and the adjacent portion of the air inlet member 35 120 when the engine piston is moved downwardly on its intake stroke, a quantity of gasolene will be drawn into the mixing chamber from the nozzle 22, the latter having its opening 23 alined with the duct 20 125 leading from the gasolene compartment of the fuel reservoir. This gasolene being va porized and drawn into the cylinder of the engine is exploded, and after several such explosions have occurred and the engine is 130 operating successfully, the nozzle 522 is rotated by means of its handle to alme the opening 2% with the duct 21 and thus permit heavy fluid fuel to be drawn into the mixing chamber, the use of gasolene being thereby discontinued until it is again necessary to start the engine at a subsequent As the engine reaches its maximum ireerunning speed, the butterfly valve 57 Wlll almost completely close to limit the supply or" fuel drawn into the mixing chamber. Thus until the engine is running under load a very small quantity of fuel can be dra-vvn into the mixing chamber or into the engine cylinder. This butterfly valve bemgthus positioned the suction. of the p1ston will be insuflicient to actuate the compensating valve or to draw Water into the mixing chamber from the supply nozzle e3. in other Words the compensating valve 15 213 this time closed so that a negligible quantity of air is mixed with the fuel; it is also necessary that the compensating valve remain closed as the fuel must be sucked from its normal level and through the nozzle 22 as hereinbefore described.

As load is applied to the engine its speed will decrease slightly and the butterfly valve 57 Will open. At approximately live per cent. (5%) load the compensating valve ivill commence to open and permit ncreasing quantities or air to enter the mixing chamher; and when the engine reaches a fifty per cent. load the compensating valve s opened to such an extent and the suction is sufliciently great to draw Water into the X1111;- ing chamber from the Water supply nozzle 43. From this point until maximum load is reached increasing quantities of Water is supplied to the mixing chamber. lt is however, only after the suction Within the mixing chamber reaches a considerable degree that Water is drawn thereinto, this being due to the fact that the Water supply nozzle 43 is normally out of the higher air velocities, it being positioned externally of the compensating valve.

After the engine has started to function normally the fuel oil Will be regularly and systematically pumped from the supply in the hollow base 6 to the fuel reservoir 16 by means of the pump 30. This fuel oil is re tained at a constant level in the reservoir in the manner hereinbefore set forth.

The Water which is sucked from the nozzle d3 as has been previously explained is procured from the pocket 52 of the Water reservoir. The large supply of Water in the reser voir -5 below the pocket 52 is caused to circulate through the Water jacket of the engine after the latter has become considerably heated, and after steam has been generated to an extent sufficient to force the water up vrardly through the discharge pipe 51. The Water from such discharge pipe thus retains the supply in the pocket 52 at a constant level. As the Water in the reservoir l5 gradually evaporates an additional supply is ,ourod thereinto through the filling opening 47.

W hen the engine ceasesoperations the Water in the pocket 52 Will be drained therefrom and into the lower portion of the reservoir 45 through the vent 56. Also inasmuch as the supply nozzle i3 and the pipe i6 are above the bottom of the pocket 52 the same will also be drained When the pocket is emptied.

Various minor changes may be made in the form and proportion of the various parts of the invention Without departing from or sacrificing any of the features thereof as outlined in the appended claims.

claim:

l. The combination With an internal combustion engine including a carburetor, a cylinder and a Water jacket surrounding the cylinder and provided With an inlet and an outlet opening, of a main Water reservoir having its lower portion in communication with the Water jacket inlet, a. pocket in the upper portion of the reservoir adapted to overflow thereinto, means for supplying said pocket with Water discharged through the outlet of the Water jacket, and means for supplying Water from said pocket to the carburetor.

2. The combination With an internal combustion engine including a carbureter, a cylinder and a Water jacket surrounding the cylinder provided with an inlet and an outlet opening, of a main Water reservoir having communication at its loWer portion ivith the inlet opening of the Water jacket, :1 pocket in the reservoir arranged to overflow thereinto, a pipe extending from the outlet opening of the Water jacket and adapted to discharge in the pocket, and means for conveylng Water from the pocket to the carburetor.

3. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of means for supplying fluid thereto including a constant level reservoir comprising a casing having a large inlet opening in its top, a horizontal Wall in said casing intermediate its top and bottom, the ends of said Wall being secured to the sides of the casing, a vertical Wall extending upwardly from the free edge of the horizontal Wall whereby to form a pocket, said pocket being in position to receive fluid from the inlet opening, excess fluid received therein being adapted to overflow the vertical Wall, and an outlet from the casing in communication with said pocket.

l. lhe combination with an internal combustion engine including av cylinder and a er jacket surrounding the same, the latter having an inlet and an outlet opening, oi means. for supplying fluid to the engine including a constant level reservoir comprising a casing having an inlet, a pocket in thecasing above the bottom thereof and in position to receive fluid from the inlet, excess fluid received in the pocket being adapted to overflow the wall thereof into the main portion of the casing, said casing having an outlet communicating with theinlet of said water jacket, an outlet from the casing in communication with said pocket, and a pipe 10 in the county of Milwaukee and State of 15 Wisconsin.

CHARLES I. LONGENECKER. 

